17. Prescribed Punishments

وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «مَا أَسْكَرَ كَثِيرُهُ فَقَلِيلُهُ حَرَامٌ» . رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ

Jabir reported God’s Messenger as saying, “If a large amount of anything causes intoxication, a small amount of it is prohibited.” Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah transmitted it.

وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «مَا أسكرَ مِنْهُ الفرْقُ فَمِلْءُ الْكَفِّ مِنْهُ حَرَامٌ» . رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَأَبُو دَاوُد

‘A’isha reported God’s Messenger as saying, “If a faraq of anything causes intoxication, a handful of it is forbidden.”* Ahmad, Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud transmitted it. * To drink as much as a faraq (see p. 577) would be almost impossible, so the point of the tradition is to forbid anything which might in any conceivable circumstances cause intoxication.

وَعَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «إِنَّ مِنْ الْحِنْطَةِ خَمْرًا وَمِنَ الشَّعِيرِ خَمْرًا وَمِنَ التَّمْرِ خَمْرًا وَمِنَ الزَّبِيبِ خَمْرًا وَمِنَ الْعَسَلِ خَمْرًا» . رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ

An-Nu‘man b. Bashir reported God’s Messenger as saying, “From wheat wine is made, from barley wine is made, from dried dates wine is made, from raisins wine is made, and from honey wine is made.” Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah transmitted it, Tirmidhi saying this is a gharib tradition.

وَعَن أبي سعيدٍ الخدريِّ قَالَ: كانَ عندَنا خَمْرٌ لِيَتِيمٍ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتِ (الْمَائِدَةُ) سَأَلَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْهُ وَقُلْتُ: إِنَّه ليَتيمٍ فَقَالَ: «أهْريقوهُ» . رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيّ

Abu Sa'id al-Khudri said he had wine belonging to an orphan, and when al-Ma'idah (Al-Qur’an, 5) came down he asked God’s Messenger about it, telling him it belonged to an orphan, but he said, “Pour it out.” Tirmidhi transmitted it.

وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ عَنْ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ: أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ إِنِّي اشْتَرَيْتُ خَمْرًا لِأَيْتَامٍ فِي حِجْرِي قَالَ: «أَهْرِقِ الْخَمْرَ وَاكْسِرِ الدِّنَانَ» . رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَضَعَّفَهُ. وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ: أَنه سَأَلَهُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ أَيْتَامٍ وَرِثُوا خَمْرًا قَالَ: «أَهْرِقْهَا» . قَالَ: أَفَلَا أَجْعَلُهَا خلاًّ؟ قَالَ: «لَا»

Anas quoted Abu Talha as saying he told God’s Prophet he had bought wine for orphans who were in his charge, and he replied, “Pour out the wine and break the wine-jars.” Tirmidhi transmitted it, but declared it weak. In Abu Dawud’s version it says he asked the Prophet about orphans who had inherited wine and he said, “Pour it out.” He asked if he might not make vinegar of it and he told him he must not. Abu Dawud

عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَالَتْ: نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ كُلِّ مُسْكِرٍ ومقتر. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد

Umm Salama told that God’s Messenger forbade every intoxicant and everything which produces languidness. Abu Dawud transmitted it.

وَعَنْ دَيْلَمٍ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا بِأَرْضٍ بَارِدَةٍ وَنُعَالِجُ فِيهَا عَمَلًا شَدِيدًا وَإِنَّا نَتَّخِذُ شَرَابًا مِنْ هَذَا الْقَمْحِ نَتَقَوَّى بِهِ عَلَى أَعْمَالِنَا وَعَلَى بَرْدِ بِلَادِنَا قَالَ: «هَلْ يُسْكِرُ؟» قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: «فَاجْتَنِبُوهُ» قُلْتُ: إِنَّ النَّاسَ غَيْرُ تَارِكِيهِ قَالَ: «إِنْ لَمْ يَتْرُكُوهُ فقاتلوهم» . رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد

Dailam al-Himyari told that he said, “Messenger of God, we live in a cold land in which we do heavy work and we make a liquor from wheat to get strength from it for our work and, to stand the cold of our country.” He asked whether it was intoxicating, and when he replied that it was, he said they must avoid it. When he replied that the people would not abandon it, he said, “If they do not abandon it fight with them.” Abu Dawud transmitted it.

وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو: أَنَّ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَهَى عَنْ الْخَمْرِ وَالْمَيْسِرِ وَالْكُوبَةِ وَالْغُبَيْرَاءِ وَقَالَ: «كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ» . رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد

‘Abdallah b. ‘Amr told that the Prophet forbade wine, maisir, the kuba and ghubaira,* saying, “Every intoxicant is prohibited.” Abd Dawud transmitted it. *This is a comprehensive tradition not exclusively dealing with intoxicants, although the Prophet’s words might suggest that it does. Maisir was a game of chance and the kuba was a kind of drum wide at the ends and narrow in the middle which was looked on with disapproval. The parts which refer to intoxicants are the wine (khamr) and the ghubaira' which was an intoxicant made by Abyssinians from millet.

وَعَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «لَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ عَاقٌّ وَلَا قَمَّارٌ وَلَا مَنَّانٌ وَلَا مُدْمِنُ خَمْرٍ» . رَوَاهُ الدَّارِمِيُّ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لَهُ: «وَلَا وَلَدَ زِنْيَةٍ» بَدَلَ «قمار»

He reported the Prophet as saying, “An undutiful son, a gambler, one who casts up what lie has given, and one who is addicted to wine will not enter paradise.” Darimi transmitted it. A version of his has a bastard instead of a gambler.

وَعَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى بَعَثَنِي رَحْمَة للعالمينَ وهُدىً لِلْعَالِمِينَ وَأَمَرَنِي رَبِّي عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِمَحْقِ الْمَعَازِفِ وَالْمَزَامِيرِ وَالْأَوْثَانِ وَالصُّلُبِ وَأَمْرِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَحَلَفَ رَبِّي عزَّ وجلَّ: بعِزَّتي لَا يشربُ عبدٌ منْ عَبِيدِي جرعة خَمْرٍ إِلَّا سَقَيْتُهُ مِنَ الصَّدِيدِ مِثْلَهَا وَلَا يَتْرُكُهَا مِنْ مَخَافَتِي إِلَّا سَقَيْتُهُ مِنْ حِيَاضِ الْقُدس ". رَوَاهُ أَحْمد

Abu Umama reported the Prophet as saying, “God has sent me as a mercy to the universe and as a guidance to the universe, and my Lord who is great and glorious has commanded me to annihilate stringed instruments, wind instruments, idols, crosses and pre-Islamic customs, and my Lord who is great and glorious has sworn, ‘By my might, none of my servants will drink a mouthful of wine without my giving him a similar amount of pus to drink, but he will not abandon it through fear of me without my giving him drink from the holy tanks'.” Ahmad transmitted it.

وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " ثَلَاثَةٌ قَدْ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْجَنَّةَ: مُدْمِنُ الْخَمْرِ وَالْعَاقُّ وَالدَّيُّوثُ الَّذِي يُقِرُّ فِي أَهْلِهِ الْخَبَثَ ". رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالنَّسَائِيّ

one who is addicted to wine, an undutiful son, and a cuckold who agrees to his women-folk’s adultery." Ahmad and Nasa'i transmitted it.

وَعَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " ثَلَاثَةٌ لَا تَدْخُلُ الجنَّةَ: مُدْمنُ الخمرِ وقاطِعُ الرَّحِم ومصدق السحر " رَوَاهُ أَحْمد

one who is addicted to wine, one who breaks ties of relationship, and one who believes in magic.” Ahmad transmitted it.

وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مُدْمِنُ الْخَمْرِ إِنْ مَاتَ لقيَ اللَّهَ كعابِدِ وثن» . رَوَاهُ أَحْمد وروى ابْن مَاجَه عَن أبي هُرَيْرَة وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي «شُعَبِ الْإِيمَانِ» عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عبيد الله عَن أَبِيه. قَالَ: ذَكَرَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي التَّارِيخِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عبد الله عَن أَبِيه

Ibn ‘Abbas reported God’s Messenger as saying, “If one who is addicted to wine dies he will meet God most high in the same condition as an idolater.” Ahmad transmitted it, Ibn Majah transmitted on Abu Huraira’s authority, and Baihaqi, in Shu'ab al-iman, gave it on the authority of Muhammad b. ‘Ubaidallah who quoted his father’s authority. He said that Bukhari in his Ta’rikh mentioned it on the authority of Muhammad b. ‘Abdallah who quoted his father's authority.

وَعَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: مَا أُبالي شرِبتُ الخمرَ أَو عبدْتُ هذهِ السَّارِيةَ دونَ اللَّهِ. رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيّ

It is all the same to me whether I drink wine or worship this pillar instead of God.* Nasa’i transmitted it. *He says that the one sin is as serious as the other.