3. Purification

وَعَن عَليّ قَالَ: كُنْتُ رَجُلًا مَذَّاءً فَكُنْتُ أَسْتَحْيِي أَنْ أَسْأَلَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِمَكَانِ ابْنَتِهِ فَأَمَرْتُ الْمِقْدَادَ فَسَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ: «يَغْسِلُ ذَكَرَهُ وَيتَوَضَّأ»

My prostatic fluid flowed readily, and I was ashamed to consult the Prophet because of the position of his daughter so I gave orders to al-Miqdad to consult him, and the Prophet said, “He must wash his penis and perform ablution.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)

وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «توضؤوا مِمَّا مَسَّتِ النَّارُ» . رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الإِمَام الْأَجَل محيي السّنة: هَذَا مَنْسُوخ بِحَدِيث ابْن عَبَّاس: قَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَكَلَ كَتِفَ شَاةٍ ثُمَّ صلى وَلم يتَوَضَّأ

Abu Huraira said that he heard God’s messenger say, “Perform ablution because of anything which has been touched by fire.” Muslim transmitted it. The illustrious shaikh and imam Muhyi as-Sunna said that this is abrogated by the tradition of Ibn ‘Abbas who said that God’s messenger ate a shoulder of mutton, then prayed without performing ablution. (Bukhari and Muslim.)

وَعَن جَابر بن سَمُرَة أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَتَوَضَّأُ مِنْ لُحُومِ الْغَنَمِ؟ قَالَ: «إِنْ شِئْتَ فَتَوَضَّأْ وَإِنْ شِئْتَ فَلَا تَتَوَضَّأْ» . قَالَ أَنَتَوَضَّأُ مِنْ لُحُومِ الْإِبِلِ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ فَتَوَضَّأْ مِنْ لُحُومِ الْإِبِلِ» قَالَ: أُصَلِّي فِي مَرَابِضِ الْغَنَمِ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ» قَالَ: أُصَلِّي فِي مبارك الْإِبِل؟ قَالَ: «لَا» . رَوَاهُ مُسلم

Jabir b. Samura said that a man asked God’s messenger whether they should perform ablution after eating mutton and he replied, “You may perform ablution or not, as you wish.” He asked if they should perform ablution after eating camel flesh and he replied, “Yes, perform ablution after eating camel flesh.” He then asked whether he might say prayers in sheepfolds and he replied, “Yes”; but when he asked whether he might say prayers in places where camels lie down, he replied, “No.” Muslim transmitted it.

وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «إِذَا وَجَدَ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي بَطْنِهِ شَيْئًا فَأَشْكَلَ عَلَيْهِ أَخَرَجَ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ أَمْ لَا فَلَا يَخْرُجَنَّ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ حَتَّى يَسْمَعَ صَوْتًا أَوْ يَجِدَ رِيحًا» . رَوَاهُ مُسلم

Abu Huraira reported God’s messenger as saying, “If any of you has a pain in his abdomen, but is doubtful whether or not anything has issued from him, he should not leave the mosque unless he hears a sound or perceives a smell.” Muslim transmitted it.

وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ شَرِبَ لَبَنًا فَمَضْمَضَ وَقَالَ: «إِنَّ لَهُ دسما»

‘Abdallah b. ‘Abbas said that God’s messenger drank some milk and rinsed his mouth saying, “It contains greasiness.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)

وَعَنْ بُرَيْدَةَ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَلَّى الصَّلَوَات يَوْم الْفَتْح بِوضُوء وَاحِد وَمسح عل خُفَّيْهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: لَقَدْ صَنَعْتَ الْيَوْمَ شَيْئًا لَمْ تَكُنْ تَصْنَعُهُ فَقَالَ: «عَمْدًا صَنَعْتُهُ يَا عمر» . رَوَاهُ مُسلم

Buraida said that God’s messenger prayed the prayers on the day of the Conquest with one ablution and wiped over his shoes. ‘Umar said, “You have done something today that you have not been accustomed to do.” He replied, “I have done it purposely, ‘Umar.” Muslim transmitted it.

وَعَن سُوَيْد ابْن النُّعْمَان: أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَامَ خَيْبَرَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانُوا بالصهباء وَهِي أَدْنَى خَيْبَرَ صَلَّى الْعَصْرَ ثُمَّ دَعَا بِالْأَزْوَادِ فَلَمْ يُؤْتَ إِلَّا بِالسَّوِيقِ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَثُرِيَ فَأَكَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَكَلْنَا ثُمَّ قَامَ إِلَى الْمَغْرِبِ فَمَضْمَضَ وَمَضْمَضْنَا ثمَّ صلى وَلم يتَوَضَّأ. رَوَاهُ البُخَارِيّ

Suwaid b. an-Nu‘man said that he went out with God’s messenger in the year of Khaibar , and when they were at as-Sahba’ which is very near Khaibar, he prayed the afternoon prayer. He then called for food, and when only some flour was produced, he ordered it to be moistened; then God’s messenger and the company ate. After that he got up to pray the sunset prayer, and when he and the company had rinsed their mouths he prayed without performing ablution. Bukhari transmitted it.

وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «لَا وُضُوءَ إِلَّا مِنْ صَوْتٍ أَوْ رِيحٍ» . رَوَاهُ أَحْمد وَالتِّرْمِذِيّ

Abu Huraira reported God’s messenger as saying, “No ablution is necessary except when one makes a sound or breaks wind.” Ahmad and Tirmidhi transmitted it.

وَعَن عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: سَأَلَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ الْمَذْيِ فَقَالَ: «مِنَ الْمَذْيِ الْوُضُوءُ وَمِنَ الْمَنِيِّ الْغسْل» . رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيّ

I asked the Prophet about prostatic fluid and he replied, “For prostatic fluid ablution is necessary, but for seminal emission washing.” Tirmidhi transmitted it.

وَعَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسلم: «مِفْتَاحُ الصَّلَاةِ الطُّهُورُ وَتَحْرِيمُهَا التَّكْبِيرُ وَتَحْلِيلُهَا التَّسْلِيمُ» . رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد وَالتِّرْمِذِيّ والدارمي وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ عَنْهُ وَعَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ

He also reported God's messenger as saying, “The key of prayer is purification, saying ‘God is most great’ makes it a sacred state, and the salutation brings the sacred state to an end.” Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi and Darimi transmitted it, and Ibn Majah transmitted it both from 'Ali and from Abu Sa'id.

وَعَن عَليّ بن طلق قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسلم: «إِذا فسا أحدكُم فَليَتَوَضَّأ وَلَا تأتو النِّسَاءَ فِي أَعْجَازِهِنَّ» . رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ

‘Ali b. Talq reported God’s messenger as saying, “When any of you breaks wind he should perform ablution, and you must not have intercourse with women by their buttocks.” Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud transmitted it.

وَعَن مُعَاوِيَة بن أبي سُفْيَان أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: قَالَ: «إِنَّمَا الْعَيْنَانِ وِكَاءُ السَّهِ فَإِذَا نَامَتِ الْعَيْنُ اسْتطْلقَ الوكاء» . رَوَاهُ الدِّرَامِي

Mu'awiya b. Abu Sufyan reported the Prophet as saying, “The eyes are the leather strap of the anus, and when the eye sleeps the leather strap is loosened.” Darimi transmitted it.

وَعَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «وِكَاءُ السَّهِ الْعَيْنَانِ فَمَنْ نَامَ فَليَتَوَضَّأ» . رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد قَالَ الشَّيْخ الإِمَام محيي السّنة C: هَذَا فِي غير الْقَاعِد لما صَحَّ: عَن أنس قَالَ: كَانَ أَصَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَنْتَظِرُونَ الْعشَاء حَتَّى تخفق رؤوسهم ثمَّ يصلونَ وَلَا يتوضؤون. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد وَالتِّرْمِذِيّ إِلَّا أَنه ذكرفيه: ينامون بدل: ينتظرون الْعشَاء حَتَّى تخفق رؤوسهم

‘Ali reported God's messenger as saying, “The leather strap of the anus is the eyes, so one who sleeps should perform ablution. Abu Dawud transmitted it, and the shaikh and imam Muhyi as-Sunna said that this does not refer to one who is sitting because of the sound tradition from Anas who said that the Companions of God’s messenger dozed while waiting for nightfall, then prayed without performing ablution. Abu Dawud and Tirmidhi transmitted it, but Tirmidhi said “they slept” instead of saying that they “dozed while waiting for nightfall.”

وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّ الْوُضُوءَ عَلَى مَنْ نَامَ مُضْطَجِعًا فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا اضْطَجَعَ اسْتَرْخَتْ مفاصله. رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيّ وَأَبُو دَاوُد

Ibn ‘Abbas reported God’s messenger as saying, “Ablution is necessary for one who sleeps lying down, for when he lies down his joints are relaxed.” Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud transmitted it.

وَعَن بسرة قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «إِذَا مَسَّ أَحَدُكُمْ ذَكَرَهُ فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ» . رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ وَأَحْمَدُ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاجَه والدارمي

Busra daughter of Safwan b. Naufal reported God’s messenger as saying, “If any of you touches his penis he must perform ablution.” Malik, Ahmad, Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi, Nasa’i, Ibn Majah and Darimi transmitted it.

وَعَن طلق بن عَليّ قَالَ: سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ مَسِّ الرَّجُلِ ذَكَرَهُ بَعْدَمَا يَتَوَضَّأُ. قَالَ: «وَهَلْ هُوَ إِلَّا بَضْعَةٌ مِنْهُ» . رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ وَرَوَى ابْنُ مَاجَهْ نَحوه قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ مُحْيِي السُّنَّةِ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ: هَذَا مَنْسُوخٌ لِأَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ أَسْلَمَ بَعْدَ قدوم طلق وَقد روى أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ الله صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسلم: عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «إِذَا أَفْضَى أَحَدُكُمْ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى ذَكَرِهِ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهَا شَيْءٌ فَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ» . رَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ والدراقطني وَرَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ عَنْ بُسْرَةَ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يذكر: «لَيْسَ بَينه بَينهَا شَيْء»

Talq b. ‘Ali said that God’s messenger was asked about a man touching his penis after performing ablution, and replied, “What is it but a part of him?” Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi and Nasa’i transmitted it, and Ibn Majah transmitted something similar. The shaikh and imam Muhyi as-Sunna said that this is abrogated because Abu Huraira accepted Islam after Talq came, and Abu Huraira has transmitted from God’s messenger the saying, “If anyone touches his penis with his hand, nothing coming between them, he must perform ablution.” Shafi‘i and Daraqutni transmitted it, and Nasa’i transmitted it from Busra, but did not include “nothing between them.”

وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُقَبِّلُ بَعْضَ أَزْوَاجِهِ ثُمَّ يُصَلِّي وَلَا يَتَوَضَّأُ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ. وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ: لَا يَصِحُّ عِنْدَ أَصْحَابِنَا بِحَالٍ إِسْنَادُ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ وَأَيْضًا إِسْنَادُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ عَنْهَا وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: هَذَا مُرْسل وَإِبْرَاهِيم التَّيْمِيّ لم يسمع من عَائِشَة

‘A’isha said that the Prophet used to kiss one of his wives and then pray without performing ablution. Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi, Nasa’i and Ibn Majah transmitted it. Tirmidhi said, “The isnad ‘Urwa from ‘A'isha is in no way sound in the opinion of our friends,* and the same applies to the isnad Ibrahim at-Taimi from her.” Abu Dawud said that this is mursal and that Ibrahim at-Taimi never heard from ‘A'isha. *This must apply to this particular tradition, as ‘Urwa is a recognised transmitter from ‘A'isha

وَعَن ابْن عَبَّاس قَالَ: أَكَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَتِفًا ثُمَّ مَسَحَ يَده بِمِسْحٍ كَانَ تَحْتَهُ ثُمَّ قَامَ فَصَلَّى. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد وَابْن مَاجَه وَأحمد

Ibn ‘Abbas said that God's messenger ate a shoulder, and after wiping his hand with a cloth on which he was sitting, he got up and prayed. Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah transmitted it.

وَعَن أم سَلمَة أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: قَرَّبْتُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَنْبًا مَشْوِيًّا فَأَكَلَ مِنْهُ ثُمَّ قَامَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَلَمْ يَتَوَضَّأْ. رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ

Umm Salama said, “I offered the Prophet a roasted flank and he ate some of it, then rose to pray without performing ablution.” Ahmad transmitted it.

عَن أبي رَافع قَالَ: أَشْهَدُ لَقَدْ كُنْتُ أَشْوِي لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَطْنَ الشَّاةِ ثُمَّ صلى وَلم يتَوَضَّأ. رَوَاهُ مُسلم

Abu Rafi' said, “I testify that I was roasting the inside of a sheep for God’s messenger, then he prayed without performing ablution.” Muslim transmitted it.