16. Retaliation

وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْمَوَاضِحِ خَمْسًا خَمْسًا مِنَ الْإِبِلِ وَفِي الْأَسْنَانِ خَمْسًا خَمْسًا مِنَ الْإِبِلِ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ وَالدَّارِمِيُّ وَرَوَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ وابنُ مَاجَه الْفَصْل الأول

‘Amr b. Shu'aib, on his father’s authority, told that his grandfather said God’s Messenger gave judgment that five camels be paid for every wound which lays bare a bone, and five camels for every tooth. Abu Dawud, Nasa’i and Darimi transmitted it, and Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah transmitted the first part.

وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَصَابِعَ الْيَدَيْنِ وَالرِّجْلَيْنِ سَوَاء. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد وَالتِّرْمِذِيّ

Ibn ‘Abbas said that God’s Messenger treated the fingers and toes as equal. Abu Dawud and Tirmidhi transmitted it.

وَعَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسلم: «الأصابعُ سواءٌ والأسنانُ سواءٌ الثَنِيَّةُ وَالضِّرْسُ سَوَاءٌ هَذِهِ وَهَذِهِ سَوَاءٌ» . رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد

He reported God’s Messenger as saying, “The fingers and toes are equal,1 the teeth are equal, the front tooth and the molar tooth are equal, this and that are equal.”2 Abu Dawud transmitted it. 1. In this tradition only al-asabi' is given, whereas the asabi of the hands and the feet are specified in the preceding. It must obviously mean both fingers and toes here. 2. It has been suggested that "this and that” refers only to the little finger and the thumb (cf. the first tradition in the chapter), but it may here refer to the front tooth and the molar tooth mentioned immediately before it.

وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: خَطَبَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَامَ الفتحِ ثمَّ قَالَ: «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّهُ لَا حِلْفَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ حِلْفٍ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَإِنَّ الْإِسْلَامَ لَا يَزِيدُهُ إِلَّا شِدَّةً الْمُؤْمِنُونَ يَدٌ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ يُجِيرُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَدْنَاهُمْ وَيَرُدُّ عليهِم أقْصاهم يَردُّ سراياهم على قعيدتِهم لَا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ دِيَةُ الْكَافِرِ نِصْفُ دِيَةِ الْمُسْلِمِ لَا جَلَبَ وَلَا جَنَبَ وَلَا تُؤْخَذُ صَدَقَاتُهُمْ إِلَّا فِي دُورِهِمْ» . وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ قَالَ: «دِيَةُ الْمُعَاهِدِ نِصْفُ دِيَةِ الْحُرِّ» . رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد

‘Amr b. Shu'aib, on his father’s authority, said his grandfather told that God’s Messenger said in the course of an address in the year of the Conquest, “O people, there is no confederacy in Islam, but such as existed in pre-Islamic times is made still stronger by Islam. The believers are one band against others, the lowliest of them gives protection as from all, the most distant of them sends back spoil to them,* their expeditions sending it back to those who are at home. A believer shall not be killed for an infidel. The blood wit for an infidel is half that for a Muslim. There is to be no bringing in of animals to be assessed for zakat, neither are they to be removed to their pastures, but the sadaqat are to be received only in their dwellings.”, And in a version he said, “The blood wit for one with whom a covenant has been made is half that for a freeman.” Abu Dawud transmitted it. * Here the context seems to require this translation but cf. p. 739, n 1.

وَعَنْ خِشْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي دِيَةِ الْخَطَأِ عِشْرِينَ بِنْتَ مَخَاضٍ وَعِشْرِينَ ابْنَ مَخَاضٍ ذُكُورٍ وَعِشْرِينَ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ وَعِشْرِينَ جَذَعَةً وَعِشْرِينَ حِقَّةً ". رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّهُ مَوْقُوفٌ عَلَى ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَخِشْفٌ مَجْهُولٌ لَا يُعْرَفُ إِلَّا بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَرُوِيَ فِي شَرْحِ السُّنَّةِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَدَى قَتِيلَ خَيْبَرَ بِمِائَةٍ مِنْ إِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ وَلَيْسَ فِي أَسْنَانِ إِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ ابْنُ مَخَاضٍ إِنَّمَا فِيهَا ابْنُ لبون

Khishf b. Malik, on the authority of Ibn Mas'ud, said God’s Messenger gave judgment that the blood wit for accidental killing should be twenty female and twenty male camels which had entered their second year, twenty she-camels which had entered their third year, twenty she-camels in their fifth year and twenty she-camels in their fourth year. Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and Nasa’i transmitted it, but the sound view is that it does not go back beyond Ibn Mas'ud. Khishf is unknown, being known only by this tradition. It is transmitted in Sharh as-sunna that the Prophet paid bloodwit for those slain at Khaibar from the camels of the sadaqa, but the male camel which has entered its second year is not among the age groups of the camels of the sadaqa, only the male camel which has entered its third year being included.

وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: كَانَتْ قِيمَةُ الدِّيَةِ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثَمَانِمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ أَوْ ثَمَانِيَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ وَدِيَةُ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ يَوْمَئِذٍ النِّصْفُ مِنْ دِيَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَ: فَكَانَ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى اسْتُخْلِفَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنهُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الذَّهَبِ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْوَرِقِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْبَقَرِ مِائَتَيْ بَقَرَةٍ وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الشَّاءِ أَلْفَيْ شَاةٍ وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْحُلَلِ مِائَتَيْ حُلَّةٍ قَالَ: وَتَرَكَ دِيَةَ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ لَمْ يَرْفَعْهَا فِيمَا رَفَعَ من الدِّيَة. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد

‘Amr b. Shu'aib, on his father's authority, said his grandfather told that the value of the blood wit in the time of God’s Messenger was eight hundred dinars or eight thousand dirhams, and that the blood wit for the people of the Book at that time was half that for Muslims. He said that applied till ‘Umar became Caliph, and he made a speech in which he said camels had become dear; so ‘Umar fixed the value for those who possessed gold at a thousand dinars, for those who possessed silver at twelve thousand,* for those who possessed cattle at two hundred cows, for those who possessed sheep at two thousand sheep, and for those who possessed suits of clothing at two hundred suits. But he said he left the blood wit for dhimmis as it was, not raising it in proportion to the increase he made in the blood wit. Abu Dawud transmitted it. *i.e. dirhams

وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ الدِّيَةَ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا. رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ وَالدَّارِمِيُّ

Ibn ‘Abbas said the Prophet fixed the blood wit at twelve thousand.* Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, Nasa’i and Darimi transmitted it. *i.e. dirhams

وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُقَوِّمُ دِيَةَ الْخَطَأِ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْقُرَى أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ أَوْ عِدْلَهَا مِنَ الْوَرِقِ وَيُقَوِّمُهَا عَلَى أَثْمَانِ الْإِبِلِ فَإِذَا غَلَتْ رَفَعَ فِي قيمتِها وإِذا هاجَتْ رُخصٌ نَقَصَ مِنْ قِيمَتِهَا وَبَلَغَتْ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا بَيْنَ أَرْبَعِمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ إِلَى ثَمَانِمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ وَعِدْلُهَا مِنَ الْوَرِقِ ثَمَانِيَةُ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ قَالَ: وَقَضَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْبَقَرِ مِائَتَيْ بَقَرَةٍ وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الشَّاءِ أَلْفَيْ شَاةٍ وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «إِنَّ الْعَقْلَ مِيرَاثٌ بَيْنَ وَرَثَةِ الْقَتِيلِ» وَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّ عَقْلَ الْمَرْأَةِ بَيْنَ عَصَبَتِهَا وَلَا يَرِثُ القاتلُ شَيْئا. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد وَالنَّسَائِيّ

‘Amr b. Shu'aib, on his father’s authority, said his grandfather told that God’s Messenger was fixing the blood wit for accidental death at the rate of four hundred dinars or their equivalent in silver for townsmen, and he was fixing it according to the price of camels, so when they were dear he increased the amount to be paid and when cheap prices prevailed he reduced the amount to be paid. In the time of God’s Messenger they reached between four hundred and eight hundred dinars, their equivalent in silver being eight thousand dirhams. He said that God's Messenger gave judgment that those who possessed cattle should pay two hundred cows, and those who possessed sheep two thousand sheep. He said that blood wit was to be treated as something to be inherited by the heirs of the one who was killed, and he gave judgment that the blood wit for a woman should be divided among her relatives on her father’s side, but the killer should not inherit anything. Abu Dawud and Nasa’i transmitted it.

وَعَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «عَقْلُ شِبْهِ الْعَمْدِ مُغَلَّظٌ مِثْلُ عَقْلِ الْعَمْدِ وَلَا يُقْتَلُ صاحبُه» . رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد

He said, on his father’s authority, that his grandfather reported the Prophet as saying, “Blood wit for what resembles intentional murder is to be made as severe as that for intentional murder, but the Culprit is not to be killed.” Abu Dawud transmitted it.

وَعَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْعَيْنِ الْقَائِمَةِ السَّادَّةِ لِمَكَانِهَا بِثُلْثِ الدِّيَةِ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد وَالنَّسَائِيّ

He said, on his father’s authority, that his grandfather told that God’s Messenger gave judgment that a third of the blood wit should be paid for loss of eyesight when the eye is not removed. Abu Dawud and Nasa’i transmitted it.

وَعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الجَنينِ بغُرَّةٍ: عَبْدٍ أَوْ أَمَةٍ أَوْ فَرَسٍ أَوْ بَغْلٍ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَقَالَ: رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ وَخَالِدٌ الْوَاسِطِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ: أَوْ فَرَسٍ أَوْ بغل

Muhammad b. ‘Amr, on the authority of Abu Salama, said Abu Huraira told that God’s Messenger gave judgment that a male or female slave of the best quality, or a horse, or a mule should be paid for a miscarriage. Abu Dawud transmitted it, saying this tradition is transmitted by Hammad b. Salama and Khalid al-Wasiti on the authority of Muhammad b. ‘Amr, but he did not mention “or a horse or a mule.”

وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «من تطيب وَلَمْ يُعْلَمْ مِنْهُ طِبٌّ فَهُوَ ضَامِنٌ» . رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد وَالنَّسَائِيّ

‘Amr b. Shu'aib, on his father’s authority, said his grandfather reported God’s Messenger as saying, “Anyone who practices medicine when he is not known as a practitioner will be held responsible.”* Abu Dawud and Nasa’i transmitted it. *He will have to pay blood wit if the patient dies.

وَعَن عِمْران بن حُصَينٍ: أَنَّ غُلَامًا لِأُنَاسٍ فُقَرَاءَ قَطَعَ أُذُنَ غُلَامٍ لِأُنَاسٍ أَغْنِيَاءَ فَأَتَى أَهْلُهُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالُوا: إِنَّا أُنَاسٌ فُقَرَاءُ فَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ عَلَيْهِمْ شَيْئًا. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ

‘Imran b. Husain told that when the slave of some poor people cut off the ear of a slave of some rich people, and his people came to the Prophet telling him that they were poor, he imposed no compensation on them. Abu Dawud and Nasa’i transmitted it.

عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: دِيَةُ شِبْهِ الْعَمْدِ أَثْلَاثًا ثَلَاثٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ حِقَّةً وَثَلَاثٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ جَذَعَةً وَأَرْبَعٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ ثَنِيَّةً إِلَى بَازِلِ عَامِهَا كُلُّهَا خَلِفَاتٌ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: قَالَ: فِي الْخَطَأ أَربَاعًا: خَمْسَة وَعِشْرُونَ حِقَّةً وَخَمْسٌ وَعِشْرُونَ جَذَعَةً وَخَمْسٌ وَعِشْرُونَ بَنَاتِ لَبُونٍ وَخَمْسٌ وَعِشْرُونَ بَنَاتِ مَخَاضٍ. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد

thirty-three she-camels in their fourth year, thirty- three she-camels in their fifth year, and thirty-four she-camels in the sixth year up to the ninth, all pregnant. In a version he said that the blood wit for unintentional murder was in four parts: twenty-five she-camels in their fourth year, twenty-five she-camels in their fifth year, twenty-five she-camels in their third year, and twenty-five she-camels in their second year. Abu Dawud transmitted it.

وَعَن مُجاهدٍ قَالَ: قَضَى عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فِي شِبْهِ الْعَمْدِ ثَلَاثِينَ حِقَّةً وَثَلَاثِينَ جَذَعَةً وَأَرْبَعِينَ خَلِفَةً مَا بَيْنَ ثَنِيَّةٍ إِلَى بَازِلِ عَامِهَا. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد

Mujahid said ‘Umar gave judgment that the blood wit for what resembled intentional murder should be thirty she-camels in their fourth year, thirty she-camels in their fifth year, and forty pregnant she-camels in their sixth year up to the ninth. Abu Dawud transmitted it.

وَعَن سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَضَى فِي الْجَنِينِ يُقْتَلُ فِي بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ بِغُرَّةِ عَبْدٍ أَوْ وَلِيدَةٍ. فَقَالَ الَّذِي قُضِيَ عليهِ: كيفَ أَغْرَمُ مَنْ لَا شَرِبَ وَلَا أَكَلَ وَلَا نَطَقَ وَلَا اسْتَهَلَّ وَمِثْلُ ذَلِكَ يُطَلُّ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «إِنَّمَا هَذَا مِنْ إِخْوَانِ الْكُهَّانِ» . رَوَاهُ مالكٌ وَالنَّسَائِيّ مُرْسلا وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مُتَّصِلا

Sa'id b. al-Musayyib said God’s Messenger gave judgment that a male or girl slave of the best quality should be paid for a child which is killed in its mother’s womb. When the one against whom this judgment was given asked, “How should I be fined for one who has not eaten or drunk, or spoken, or raised his voice?” adding that compensation is not to be paid for such, God’s Messenger said, “This man simply belongs to the kahins.”* Malik and Nasa’i transmitted it in mursal form, but Abu Dawud transmitted it on his authority (i.e. Sa'id’s) on the authority of Abu Huraira with a fully connected isnad. * There is a suggestion of rhyme in the Arabic used by the man who asked the question, so he is compared to the kahins who made their utterances in this form.

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «الْعَجْمَاءُ جَرْحُهَا جُبَارٌ وَالْمَعْدِنُ جُبَارٌ وَالْبِئْرُ جُبَارٌ»

Abu Huraira reported God’s Messenger as saying, “No retaliation is payable for a wound caused by a dumb animal, for a mine, or for a well.”* (Bukhari and Muslim.) * A longer form is given on p. 380. The reference is said to be an animal which is not at the time under anyone's charge. No responsibility attaches to anyone who has dug a mine or a well in a place where he is entitled to do so if someone falls in.

وَعَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ قَالَ: غَزَوْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَيْشَ الْعُسْرَةِ وَكَانَ لِي أَجِيرٌ فقاتلَ إِنساناً فعض أَحدهمَا الْآخَرِ فَانْتَزَعَ الْمَعْضُوضُ يَدَهُ مِنْ فِي الْعَاضِّ فَأَنْدَرَ ثَنِيَّتَهُ فَسَقَطَتْ فَانْطَلَقَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَهْدَرَ ثَنِيَّتَهُ وَقَالَ: «أَيَدَعُ يَدَهُ فِي فِيكَ تَقْضِمُهَا كَالْفَحْلِ»

I went with God’s Messenger on the expedition of the army of distress,* and I had a hired servant who fought with a man, one of whom bit the other’s hand. The one who was bitten drew away his hand from the mouth of the one who bit him, dislodging his front tooth which fell out. He went to the Prophet, but he imposed no retaliation for his front tooth, saying, ‘Could he be expected to leave his hand in your mouth when you were crunching it like a male camel?” (Bukhari and Muslim.) * This refers to the expedition to Tabuk in 9 A H. Cf. Al-Qur'an, 9:117.

وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «مَنْ قُتِلَ دُونَ مَالِهِ فَهُوَ شهيدٌ»

‘Abdallah b. 'Amr told of hearing God’s Messenger say, “He who is killed protecting his property is a martyr.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)

وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ يُرِيدُ أَخْذَ مَالِي؟ قَالَ: «فَلَا تُعْطِهِ مَالَكَ» قَالَ: أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ قَاتَلَنِي؟ قَالَ: «قَاتِلْهُ» قَالَ: أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ قَتَلَنِي؟ قَالَ: «فَأَنْتَ شَهِيدٌ» . قَالَ: أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ قَتَلْتُهُ؟ قَالَ: «هُوَ فِي النَّارِ» . رَوَاهُ مُسلم

Abu Huraira told that a man came and asked God’s Messenger to tell him what he should do if a man came wanting to take his property. He replied, “Do not give him your property.” He asked him to tell him what to do if the man fought with him, and he replied, “Fight with him.” He asked him to tell him what would happen if the man killed him, and he replied, “You will be a martyr.” He asked him to tell him what would happen if he killed the man, and he replied, “He will go to hell.” Muslim transmitted it.